Fig. 1

The figure displays the output variable Impact on the Y-axis, capturing the hypothesized effect size on preventing academic misconduct. The most material impact is expected when Time after implementing academic integrity programming is high so that a culture of academic integrity has been established and when Level of Implementation is high, as in an institution-wide requirement. A low impact is hypothesized when the academic integrity programming has just started and when Level of Implementation is low, as in voluntary academic integrity programming by individual students. The optimal impact in preventing academic misconduct is hypothesized to happen along the space diagonal of the model, where both Level of Implementation and Time are increasing simultaneously, with the terminus depicted by the dark cube