Table 3 The responses of five AI text content detectors for GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Human-written contents
Generated Content | OpenOpen AI classifier | WRITER | CROSSPLAG | COPYLEAKS | GPTZERO | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Response | Response | % of AI Content | Response | % of AI Content | Response | % of AI Content | Response | |
GPT 3.5_1 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_2 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 98% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_3 | Likely AI-Generated | Possibly AI-Generated | 66% | Likely AI-Generated | 99% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_4 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 97% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_5 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 93% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_6 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 87% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_7 | Likely AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 6% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_8 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 88% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_9 | Likely AI-Generated | Unclear if it is AI-Generated | 49% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_10 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_11 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_12 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 96% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_13 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 96% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_14 | Likely AI-Generated | Unclear if it is AI-Generated | 52% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 3.5_15 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 82% | Likely AI-Generated | 100% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_1 | Likely AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 9% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 12% | Likely AI-Generated | 82.6% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_2 | Likely AI-Generated | Unclear if it is AI-Generated | 47% | Likely AI-Generated | 88% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.3% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_3 | Possibly AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 4% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 16% | Likely AI-Generated | 84.7% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_4 | Possibly AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 5% | Unlikely AI-Generated | 32% | Likely AI-Generated | 86.0% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_5 | Unclear if it is AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 3% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 1% | Possibly AI-Generated | 76.3% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_6 | Possibly AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 1% | Likely AI-Generated | 87% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.5% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_7 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 95% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 6% | Likely AI-Generated | 83.8% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_8 | Possibly AI-Generated | Unclear if it is AI-Generated | 57% | Possibly AI-Generated | 77% | Likely AI-Generated | 97.3% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_9 | Possibly AI-Generated | Unlikely AI-Generated | 23% | Possibly AI-Generated | 63% | Likely AI-Generated | 95.7% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_10 | Possibly AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 13% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 3% | Likely AI-Generated | 81.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_11 | Possibly AI-Generated | Unclear if it is AI-Generated | 51% | Likely AI-Generated | 81% | Likely AI-Generated | 97.2% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_12 | Possibly AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 16% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 1% | Possibly AI-Generated | 80.0% | Likely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_13 | Unclear if it is AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 0% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 1% | Possibly AI-Generated | 80.0% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_14 | Possibly AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 18% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 2% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 0.7% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
GPT 4_15 | Possibly AI-Generated | Unlikely AI-Generated | 32% | Possibly AI-Generated | 69% | Likely AI-Generated | 96.1% | Likely AI-Generated |
Human 1 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 92% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 3% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 7.6% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
Human 2 | Likely AI-Generated | Likely AI-Generated | 98% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 5% | Likely AI-Generated | 99.9% | Likely AI-Generated |
Human 3 | Possibly AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 0% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 1% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 0.1% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
Human 4 | Likely AI-Generated | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 2% | Unlikely AI-Generated | 28% | Unlikely AI-Generated | 20.2% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |
Human 5 | Likely AI-Generated | Unclear if it is AI-Generated | 54% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 1% | Very unlikely AI-Generated | 4.2% | Very unlikely AI-Generated |