Table 5 Summary of the analyses for sense of belonging to university predicting academic misconduct behaviours with hope, Agency, and Pathways as moderators
From: Hope moderates the relationship between students’ sense of belonging and academic misconduct
Model 4: Belongingness × Hope | Model 5: Belongingness × Agency | Model 6: Belongingness × Pathways | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | 95% CI | 95% CI | 95% CI | |||||||||||||||
Variable | b | Exp B | Z | p | Lower | Upper | b | Exp B | Z | p | Lower | Upper | b | Exp B | Z | p | Lower | Upper |
Constant | 1.50 | 4.46 | 1.56 | .120 | -0.39 | 3.38 | 1.24 | 3.44 | 1.28 | .200 | -0.66 | 3.13 | 1.75 | 5.77 | 1.85 | .064 | -0.10 | 3.61 |
Belongingness | <.01 | 1.00 | 0.02 | .985 | -0.41 | 0.42 | -0.06 | 0.94 | -.28 | .783 | -0.47 | 0.35 | -0.04 | 0.96 | -0.19 | .846 | -0.43 | 0.35 |
Hope | -0.09 | 0.92 | -3.55 | <.00 | -0.14 | -0.04 | ||||||||||||
Agency | -0.14 | 0.87 | -3.18 | .002 | -0.22 | -0.05 | ||||||||||||
Pathways | -0.14 | 0.87 | -3.18 | .002 | -0.22 | -0.05 | ||||||||||||
Interaction | -0.08 | 0.92 | -3.19 | .001 | -0.13 | -0.03 | -0.13 | 0.87 | -3.01 | .003 | -0.22 | -0.05 | -0.12 | 0.88 | -2.83 | .005 | -0.21 | -0.04 |
Covariates | ||||||||||||||||||
Age | -0.06 | 0.94 | -2.03 | .043 | -0.12 | <0.01 | 0-.06 | 0.94 | -1.95 | .051 | -0.12 | <0.01 | -0.06 | 0.94 | -2.14 | .033 | -0.12 | -0.01 |
Gender | -1.31 | 0.27 | -3.77 | <.001 | -1.99 | -0.63 | -1.19 | 0.30 | -3.40 | .001 | -1.88 | -0.50 | -1.48 | 0.23 | -4.29 | <.001 | -2.15 | -0.80 |
Income | 0.33 | 1.39 | 1.00 | .315 | -0.31 | 0.98 | 0.41 | 1.51 | 1.24 | .214 | -0.24 | 1.05 | 0.29 | 1.34 | 0.91 | .365 | -0.34 | 0.93 |
Edu | 0.21 | 1.23 | 1.29 | .198 | -0.11 | 0.53 | 0.18 | 1.20 | 1.14 | .250 | -0.13 | 0.50 | 0.23 | 1.26 | 1.46 | .144 | -0.08 | 0.55 |