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Table 10 Self-reported engagement in questionable academic practices among upper secondary students (n = 1654)

From: Lack of ethics or lack of knowledge? European upper secondary students’ doubts and misconceptions about integrity issues

Questionable practice

Prevalence

During your high school education have you...

Yes, many times

Yes, a few times

Yes, once

No

Not appli-cable

I prefer not to answer

I don’t know

… copied shorter passages from other sources into your own text without marking them as quotes

10.6%

26.1%

15.7%

34.8%

1.3%

2.4%

9.1%

… added students as co-authors of group assignments even though they did not contribute

13.3%

24.9%

14.1%

34.8%

1.7%

2.7%

8.4%

… received help from other students or family members on assignments you were supposed to complete on your own

17.5%

41.1%

13.8%

17.6%

1.3%

2.5%

6.3%

… deleted deviating data points based on a gut feeling that they were inaccurate

4.7%

18.7%

16.9%

41.8%

2.5%

2.2%

13.2%