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Table 1 Distibution of qualitative responses coded against theory

From: Why they do and why they don’t: a combined criminological approach to understanding assignment outsourcing in higher education

Codes

Number of coding references

Percentage coding

Control Theories

174

5.35%

Differential Association\Learnt

27

0.83%

\Personal or intrinsic

552

16.96%

\Pragmatic

158

4.86%

Differential Reinforcement

173

5.32%

Other (general)

18

0.55%

Irrelevant, no answer

189

5.81%

Laziness

176

5.41%

Learning resource

140

4.30%

Poor quality, not right

26

0.80%

Unaware

132

4.06%

Consequences for cheating\Legality

67

2.06%

\Outcomes for cheating

50

1.54%

\Student punishment

108

3.32%

Social Learning Theory

290

8.91%

Techniques of Neutralisation (general)

126

3.87%

Appeal to Higher Loyalties

34

1.04%

Condemnation of the Condemners

231

7.10%

Denial of Injury

29

0.89%

Denial of responsibility

287

8.82%

Denial of the Victim

267

8.21%

Total

3254

100.00%