Table 4 Summary of the analyses for a sense of belonging to university predicting academic misconduct intentions with hope, Agency, and Pathways as moderators
From: Hope moderates the relationship between students’ sense of belonging and academic misconduct
Model 1: Belongingness × Hope | Model 2: Belongingness × Agency | Model 3: Belongingness × Pathways | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
95% CI | 95% CI | 95% CI | ||||||||||||||||
Variable | b | Exp B | Z | p | Lower | Upper | b | Exp B | Z | p | Lower | Upper | b | Exp B | t | p | Lower | Upper |
constant | 1.36 | 3.89 | 1.54 | .123 | -0.37 | 3.08 | 1.14 | 3.12 | 1.29 | .199 | -0.60 | 2.87 | 1.60 | 4.96 | 1.84 | .066 | -0.11 | 3.31 |
Belongingness | -0.28 | 0.76 | -1.44 | .151 | -0.65 | 0.10 | -0.28 | 0.75 | -1.47 | .141 | -0.66 | 0.09 | -0.32 | 0.73 | -1.72 | .086 | -0.69 | 0.05 |
Hope | -0.05 | 0.95 | -2.45 | .014 | -0.10 | -0.01 | ||||||||||||
Agency | -0.09 | 0.91 | -2.35 | .019 | -0.17 | -0.02 | ||||||||||||
Pathways | -0.08 | 0.92 | -2.09 | .037 | -0.16 | -0.01 | ||||||||||||
Interaction | -0.04 | 0.96 | -2.28 | .022 | -0.08 | -0.01 | -0.06 | 0.94 | -1.89 | .058 | -0.13 | <0.01 | -0.09 | 0.92 | -2.29 | .022 | -0.16 | -0.01 |
Covariates | ||||||||||||||||||
Age | -0.05 | 0.95 | -1.99 | .047 | -0.11 | <0.01 | -0.05 | 0.95 | -1.98 | .048 | -0.11 | 0.00 | -0.06 | 0.94 | -2.09 | .036 | -0.11 | <0.01 |
Gender | -1.39 | 0.25 | -4.31 | <.001 | -2.02 | -0.76 | -1.30 | 0.27 | -3.99 | <.001 | -1.94 | -0.66 | -1.51 | 0.22 | -4.73 | <.001 | -2.14 | -0.89 |
Income | 0.59 | 1.80 | 1.94 | .052 | -0.01 | 1.18 | 0.64 | 1.90 | 2.12 | .034 | 0.05 | 1.24 | 0.55 | 1.73 | 1.83 | .068 | -0.04 | 1.14 |
Education | 0.24 | 1.27 | 1.58 | .115 | -0.06 | 0.54 | 0.23 | 1.26 | 1.52 | .128 | -0.07 | 0.53 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 1.70 | .088 | -0.04 | 0.56 |