Table 2 Results regarding the measurement model of the scale
From: An attempt to understand plagiarism in Kuwait through a psychometrically sound instrument
Factors | Expressions | Factor loading | SE | TÂ values | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 (Factors exacerbating plagiarism) | Q1.Most of my friends and classmates are plagiarising in online learning, so I feel more tempted to plagiarise | 0.571 | - | - | - |
Q.15 I am tempted to plagiarise if my classmate allows me to copy his or her work Q16.I am tempted to plagiarise when the punishment is light | 0.740 0.783 | 0.116 0.114 | 11.183 11.561 | *** *** | |
Q18. When I do not have face-to-face interaction with my professors and classmates, I am tempted to plagiarize more | 0.794 | 0.113 | 11.658 | *** | |
Q19. I am tempted to plagiarize if the professor does not care about original thoughts or ideas | 0.735 | 0.114 | 11.135 | *** | |
Q20. I am tempted to plagiarize if the professor is not using plagiarism detection tools such as Turnitin | 0.757 | 0.115 | 11.337 | *** | |
Q21. When I do not have face-to-face interaction with my professors and classmates, I am tempted to plagiarize more | 0.710 | 0.108 | 10.880 | *** | |
Q22. I am tempted to plagiarize because it is easier to cheat in online education than face-to-face classes | 0.735 | 0.118 | 11.122 | *** | |
Q24. Those who say they have never plagiarised are not being honest | 0.398 | 0.104 | 7.031 | *** | |
Factor 2 (Severity & Penalty of plagiarism) | Q2. First year undergraduate students are just learning the rules, so they should receive milder punishment for plagiarism | 0.325 | - | - | - |
Q3. Plagiarised parts of a student’s paper should be ignored if the rest of the paper is acceptable | 0.580 | 0.296 | 5.878 | *** | |
Q5. Plagiarism is as bad as cheating in an exam | 0.436 | 0.245 | 5.324 | *** | |
Q6. Plagiarism undermines & destroys independent thought and creativity | 0.339 | 0.191 | 4.727 | *** | |
Q7. Plagiarism is not a big deal as it harms no one physically | 0.643 | 0.318 | 6.035 | *** | |
Q8. Self-plagiarism should not be punished because technically you cannot steal from yourself | 0.408 | 0.236 | 5.174 | *** | |
Q9. Since plagiarism is taking other people’s words rather than tangible assets, it should not be considered a serious offence | 0.629 | 0.274 | 6.002 | *** | |
Q10. Plagiarism should not be punished under crisis conditions such as a pandemic | 0.677 | 0.322 | 6.112 | *** | |
Q11. It is OK to plagiarize when the assignment does not require me to produce anything original | 0.731 | 0.343 | 6.211 | *** | |
Q12. If you cannot write well because you do not know enough about the subject, it is OK to copy parts of a paper already written on that subject | 0.685 | 0.338 | 6.128 | *** | |
Q13. A plagiarised essay or an assignment does not harm the value of a university degree | 0.703 | 0.329 | 6.161 | *** | |
Q14. Sometimes, it is necessary to plagiarise to pass a course I am not good at | 0.752 | 0.358 | 6.245 | *** | |
Q17. Sometimes you cannot avoid using other people’s words, because there are only a few ways to describe something | 0.407 | 0.233 | 5.170 | *** | |
Q25. It is ok to use a previously written essay or assignment when the task and topic remain the same | 0.554 | 0.272 | 5.797 | *** |