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Table 5 Correlations between Strategies for Writing from Sources and Student Perceptions

From: Plagiarism as an academic literacy issue: the comprehension, writing and consulting strategies of Portuguese university students

Strategies for Writing from sources

Perceptions

WFSPPa

WFSCa

WFSS a

WRa

WPa

WTTDa

CIa

COa

CSa

SCLAa

SCMSa

CRa

CRKa

Copy without quotation

− 0.066

0.339*

− 0.010

− 0.151

0.217

− 0.277

− 0.045

− 0.163

− 0.053

0.087

− 0.090

− 0.037

− 0.019

Copy with quotation

− 0.034

− 0.131

− 0.056

0.148

0.084

− 0.313*

− 0.76

− 0.092

0.190

− 0.019

0.043

− 0.091

− 0.073

Patchwriting

0.098

0.049

0.184

0.047

0.262

− 0.207

0.182

0.137

0.284

− 0.006

0.127

− 0.063

− 0.135

Paraphrase

− 0.003

− 0.243

0.121

0.184

0.247

0.210

0.178

0.066

0.182

− 0.151

0.207

− 0.068

0.162

Summarizing

0.135

− 0.144

− 0.173

0.040

− 0.145

− 0.057

− 0.257

− 0.205

− 0.266

0.253

− 0.211

− 0.060

0.154

Changing the meaning through paraphrasing

0.157

0.024

0.198

− 0.089

0.020

0.206

0.087

0.021

− 0.104

0.024

0.157

0.110

0.207

Changing the meaning slightly through summary

− 0.190

0.026

− 0.258

− 0.045

− 0.222

− 0.049

− 0.196

− 0.148

− 0.108

− 0.078

− 0.349*

− 0.252

− 0.260

Changing the meaning substantially through summary

0.105

− 0.007

0.274

0.154

0.108

0.298*

0.266

0.230

0.295

− 0.268

0.038

0.136

− 0.009

All forms of changing the meaning

0.061

0.013

0.175

0.026

− 0.076

0.308*

0.139

0.077

0.066

− 0.175

− 0.117

0.070

− 0.091

  1. *p < .05; aWFSPP – Writing from Sources – Paraphrasing/Patchwriting; WFSC - Writing from Sources - Copying; WFSS - Writing from Sources - Summarizing; WR – Writing - Revision; WP – Writing - Planning; WTTD - Writing - ‘Think-then-do’; CI – Comprehension Integration; CO – Comprehension Organization; CS – Comprehension Selection; SCLA - Source Consulting - Less Appropriate; SCME - Source Consulting - More Elaborate; CR - Citation Rules; CRKa - Citation Rules Knowledge