Table 3 Items on the anonymous survey that students respond on 5-point Likert scale

Cluster A

(Perception of own cognitive and writing ability)

• I am more confident to write about topics in my courses

• I have the knowledge and skills to ensure I have academic integrity in all my writing

• I understand my course content better because I am writing about them in RWE

• I have expanded my academic language ability through reading and writing in RWE

Cluster B

(Perception of value of feedback)

• Every response from my instructor provides new information that improves my writing ability

• My instructor’s responses were specific to my individual learning needs and language level so I developed my skills quickly in one month.

Cluster C

(Perception of relationship with instructor)

• I have a positive relationship with my instructor so I enjoy sharing my thoughts with him/her and get feedback

• My instructor’s encouragement and support help me overcome my anxiety/fear about academic writing

Cluster D

(Perception of self-regulation impact)

• I improved my time management skills because of having to write every day in RWE

• Due to doing RWE, I am keeping up with reading my course materials each week.

• Without RWE, I would not have written so much in one month.