From: Unethical practices within medical research and publication – An exploratory study
Misconduct | Details | Individuals involved |
---|---|---|
Replicates without bordersa | Constantly repeating experiments until the data becomes statistical significance | PhD students |
Confirmed negative controlsa | The use of a neutral substance that is known to have no effects in the experiment to ensure negative results. | PhD students and Post-doctoral researchers |
Universal Positive controla | Reusing previously produced positive control for new experiments | PhD students, Post-doctoral researchers and academics |
Ghost repeatsa | Using results from the same experiment as results of repeated experiments. | PhD students |
Data mininga | Stealing others’ ideas/data stored in laboratory computers | Post-doctoral researchers |
Image manipulation | Manipulating images to suit the hypothesis (or to show significance) | PhD students and post-doctoral researchers |
Selective usagea | Ignoring data/information that would reduce significance (or disprove hypothesis) | PhD students |
Ignoring contamination | Purposely ignoring contamination as the data effectively proves the hypothesis | PhD students |
Not following health & safety (H&S) regulations | Failing to carry out H&S checks, avoid producing own H&S data sheets and/or using the data sheets produced by others (without understanding the risk or aversion measures) | PhD students, post-doctoral researchers and academics/PIs |