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Table 1 Citations/reference knowledge

From: First-year university students’ knowledge of academic misconduct and the association between goals for attending university and receptiveness to intervention

What do you remember learning from instruction on citations/references?

 

n (%)

 

A priori codes

 N/A

115 (32.3)

“They are essential going into the work field. They are your past employers or other leaders who can speak well for your name and really boost your resume.” (Reference 968, CoB)

“References can be used as supportive information or background help.” (Reference 312, CoE)

 Beginner

218 (61.2)

“You should include citations in all work that was not yours.” (Reference 712, CoB)

“MLA format, mostly. How to format in text citations. Works cited page.” (Reference 141, CoE)

 Advanced

23 (6.5)

“I learned that if I wrote down anything that didn’t come from my own knowledge or free-thinking, I needed to provide a source to show where I got that information from. Common examples would be statistics I had to look up, a certain sentence of something being described that I used from an article. I had to provide the source for where I got that information. I learned to use in-text citations in my writings, and that after my essay was done I would include a Citations page after that listing the whole citation in its entirety. The Citations page would include more information on the author, possibly the website where the article is from, the database I received the information from, the publishing date, etc. I learned that not citing when supposed to is against the law and results in plagiarism, which has serious consequences - especially for a student.” (Reference 916, CoB)

“I remember how to cite what an author had stated in their book or blog in a paragraph. If I had used on of their facts to help my thesis, I would put their last name and the date the source was published. I also remember that when citing a source I have to put the authors last name, a comma, and then their first. Then I have to put the title of their work with a period, and then list the website I found the source on if there was one.” (Reference 409, CoE)

Emergent codes

 Procedure

222 (62.4)

“What I learned about citations was the fact of how to properly use them correctly...There are a variety of styles of citations and/or references to acknowledge from MLA, APA, or Chicago Notes & Bibliography. Not to mention, but which style of citation is recommended to use based off what you’re writing. For example, a English writing assignment would be MLA. Citations include specific dates, authors, publishers, year, website, and much more.” (Reference 572, CoB)

“For the most part, I remember using citation machine to make the most accurate citations. I used what information the site I needed to reference gave me, and plugged that into the inputs on the citation website. Since every teacher I had wanted a different format, I never learned how to do one specific style.” (Reference 195, CoE)

 Consequences

18 (5.1)

“Integrity violations can lead to academic probations, holds, zero on assignments, and failed classes” (Reference 083, CoB)

“if you are caught cheating in any type there will be repercussions” (Reference 909, CoE)

 Values

58 (16.3)

“Without any citations or references to the real person with the original work means that your stealing their work. Also that colleges don’t play around with this type of stuff.” (Reference 320, CoB)

“ALWAYS cite, even if you paraphrase. Make sure you cite in the format a professor asks for. Always uses reliable sources.” (Reference 567, CoE).