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Table 3 The Distribution of Citations in Analysed M.A. and PhD Theses in regard to Type of Transformation

From: An investigation of the citation transformation types in M.A. and PhD theses

M.A Theses

PhD Theses

Type of Transformations

F

%

The order of preferencea

F

%

The order of preferencea

Direct Quotation

704

19.0

3

723

13.2

3

Patchwriting

376

10.2

4

314

5.7

5

Paraphrase

1051

28.4

2

1495

27,4

2

Summary

1116

30.2

1

2134

39.1

1

Critical Evaluation

262

7.1

5

600

11.0

4

Total

3509

94.9

 

5266

96.4

 

Incorrect Citation Use

118

5.1

 

198

3.6

 

Total

3697

5.11

 

5464

  
  1. af = Frequency, % = Percentage
  2. a(1 = most preferred…5 = least preferred)