From: An investigation of the citation transformation types in M.A. and PhD theses
M.A Theses | PhD Theses | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of Transformations | F | % | The order of preferencea | F | % | The order of preferencea |
Direct Quotation | 704 | 19.0 | 3 | 723 | 13.2 | 3 |
Patchwriting | 376 | 10.2 | 4 | 314 | 5.7 | 5 |
Paraphrase | 1051 | 28.4 | 2 | 1495 | 27,4 | 2 |
Summary | 1116 | 30.2 | 1 | 2134 | 39.1 | 1 |
Critical Evaluation | 262 | 7.1 | 5 | 600 | 11.0 | 4 |
Total | 3509 | 94.9 | 5266 | 96.4 | ||
Incorrect Citation Use | 118 | 5.1 | 198 | 3.6 | ||
Total | 3697 | 5.11 | 5464 |