Table 1 The Distribution of Citations in English L1 and Turkish Writers’ Analysed Theses in regard to the Type of Transformations
From: An investigation of the citation transformation types in M.A. and PhD theses
English L1 Writers’ Theses | Turkish Writers’ Theses | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of Transformations | F | % | The order of preferencea | F | % | The order of preferencea |
Direct Quotation | 378 | 8.7 | 4 | 1048 | 21.8 | 3 |
Patchwriting | 15 | 0.3 | 5 | 675 | 14.1 | 4 |
Paraphrase | 1322 | 30.03 | 2 | 224 | 25.5 | 2 |
Summary | 1812 | 41.6 | 1 | 1438 | 29.9 | 1 |
Critical Evaluation | 723 | 16.6 | 3 | 139 | 2.9 | 5 |
Total | 4250 | 97.5 | 4525 | 94.2 | ||
Incorrect Citation Use | 109 | 2.5 | 277 | 5.8 | ||
Total | 4359 | 4802 | ||||