Table 3 Teachers’ views on frequency of types of cheating – mean scores and Mann-Whitney U test results
University A | University B | Mann-Whitney_U | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 31 | N = 100 | U-test | p | |
FACE-TO-FACE: In invigilated exams carried out in a face-to-face environment, or in non-invigilated assessments (e.g. assignments such as essays, course work, or dissertations) submitted on paper | ||||
1. Impersonation of a student, during the exam by someone else (for example, by someone who looks like them) | 0.1 | 0.2 | 868.5 | 0.945 |
2. Copying from the work of other students in the exam room | 1.5 | 2.2 | 836.5 | 0.005 |
3. Receiving hints from other students in the exam room | 1.5 | 2.4 | 699.0 | 0.000 |
4. Copying from materials (on paper, on a mobile device, etc) taken into the exam hall | 1.2 | 2.0 | 726.0 | 0.006 |
5. Submission of text written in advance of the exam | 0.5 | 0.8 | 821.0 | 0.082 |
6. Using a device with headphones to receive assistance from someone outside the exam room | 0.1 | 1.1 | 300.5 | 0.000 |
7. Giving an excuse to leave the exam room temporarily, and then gaining access to outside help (from hidden notes or from other people) | 0.0 | 1.2 | 234.0 | 0.000 |
8. Plagiarism | 2.0 | 2.2 | 914.0 | 0.189 |
9. ‘Ghost writing’, that is where the assignment is carried out by someone else (e.g. a friend, a family member, a teacher), or is purchased from a web site | 1.8 | 2.0 | 819.0 | 0.078 |
ONLINE: In non-invigilated exams or assessments (e.g. assignments such as essays, course work, or dissertations) carried out in an online environment (including where the assessments are submitted online) | ||||
10. Impersonation of the student, during the exam by someone else (for example, by someone who logs in with their id) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 413.0 | 0.537 |
11. Communication (e.g. by mobile) with other people during the assessment | 0.7 | 0.6 | 514.5 | 0.984 |
12. Copying from materials on an electronic device where this is not allowed in the exam | 0.8 | 0.7 | 445.5 | 0.461 |
13. Plagiarism | 1.2 | 1.7 | 550.0 | 0.074 |
14. ‘Ghost writing’, that is where the assignment is carried out by someone else (e.g. a friend, a family member, a teacher), or is purchased from a web site | 1.2 | 1.5 | 458.0 | 0.072 |