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Table 1 Categorization of sentenced students’ responses in disciplinary board protocols from three Swedish universities, here denoted as A, B, and C

From: Disciplinary action for academic dishonesty: does the student’s gender matter?

Category of student responses

University A

University B

University C

F (%)

M (%)

F (%)

M (%)

F (%)

M (%)

(i) Did not understand the rules

9

13

25

0

60

22

(ii) Denies intent to cheat

73

53

50

70

40

22

(iii) Admits to cheating

18

34

25

30

0

56

  1. The fraction of female students is denoted by F and the fraction of male students by M. At university A, 11 female and 15 male students were sentenced. The corresponding numbers for university B and C are 4 females, 10 males, and 5 females, 9 males, respectively